Innovative conceptual design technologies for an energy-efficient diesel-generator power system of a transport vehicle
Keywords:
energy efficiency, power system, electric transport, power supply design, energy, mathematical model, economic model, optimization, electric machines, electric apparatus, mathematical problems in power engineeringSynopsis
The paper investigates innovative conceptual design technologies for an energy-efficient diesel-generator power system of transport vehicles. The relevance of the work lies in the necessity of integrated energy utilization within internal transport networks to minimize energy losses and consequently minimize the cost of generated energy, which forms the foundation for constructing an energy-efficient system. Solving this problem requires the development of control principles that include: creating a mathematical model of the static and dynamic processes within the power system; establishing an economic model for evaluating the cost and efficiency of electricity generation and consumption; and implementing system control aimed at minimizing costs based on the economic assessment. The primary causes of active power losses in the AC electric power system of a transport vehicle are analyzed, particularly system imperfections and reactive power flow, which induces additional losses. Measures for reactive power compensation are proposed as a method to eliminate or reduce these power flows. A system of energy efficiency evaluation criteria is defined, where the main objective is the maximal reduction of the energy loss level. The methodology for enhancing energy efficiency is based on the sequential formation of a set of possible measures, their techno-economic selection, and ranking based on economic feasibility. To forecast losses, a mathematical model of the transport power system has been developed. The model is built on the principles of decomposition and hierarchy, allowing the power system to be broken down into levels (from individual consumers to the generator system busbars) and enabling the calculation of the total effective active energy losses across all sections. This approach ensures the system's adaptation to changing operating conditions, optimizes energy consumption, and improves its overall efficiency.
References
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Choi, S., Huh, J., Lee, W. Y., Lee, S. W., Rim, C. T. (2013). New Cross-Segmented Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28 (12), 5832–5841. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2247634
Choi, S. Y., Jeong, S. Y., Gu, B. W., Lim, G. C., Rim, C. T. (2015). Ultraslim S-Type Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30 (11), 6456–6468. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2444894
Kulahin, D. O. (2016). Rolling electrical complex on the basis of the criterion of minimizing the area under the curve of motion. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2, 60–67.
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). The mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation of magnetic circuits. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 6, 103–110.
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Kulagin, D. O. (2014). Mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation. Technical Electrodynamics, 6, 49–55.
Kulagin, D. O., Fedosha, D. V., Nitsenko, V. V., Shevchenko, S. Yu., Danylchenko, D. O. (2019). Using a phase-differential busbar protection for switchgears of power system facilities. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 63–67. https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2019-4/10
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Sitzman, A., Surls, D., Mallick, J. (2007). Design, Construction, and Testing of an Inductive Pulsed-Power Supply for a Small Railgun. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (1), 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.887685
Liu, Z., Zhang, W., Ji, X., Li, K. (2012). Optimal Planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on particle swarm optimization. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies. IEEE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2012.6303112
Nitsenko, V., Kulagin, D. (2017). Improvement implementation methods of relay busbars protection of switchgears. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika, 6, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2017.06.061
Nitsenko, V. V., Kulahin, D. O. (2017). Research on effect of differential-phase protection of busbars system with voltage of 110–750 kV. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 72–79.
Mansor, M. A., Hasan, K., Othman, M. M., Noor, S. Z. B. M., Musirin, I. (2020). Construction and Performance Investigation of Three-Phase Solar PV and Battery Energy Storage System Integrated UPQC. IEEE Access, 8, 103511–103538. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997056
Amei, K., Takayasu, Y., Ohji, T., Sakui, M. (1989). A maximum power control of wind generator system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a boost chopper circuit. Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579). IEEE, 3, 1447–1452. https://doi.org/10.1109/pcc.2002.998186
Korobko, B., Kivshyk, A., Kulagin, D.; Onyshchenko, V., Mammadova, G., Sivitska, S., Gasimov, A. (Eds.) (2021). Experimental Study of the Efficiency of the Differential Pump of Electromagnetic Action on the Basis of Mathematical Modeling of the Parameters of Its Operation. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Building Innovations. Cham: Springer, 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85043-2_20
Bratkovska, K., Makhlin, P., Shram, A., Kulagin, D., Fedosha, D. (2022). Estimation of Optimization Approaches of the Energy Intensive Equipment’s Power-Time Diagrams of Industrial Enterprises. 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). IEEE, 277–281. https://doi.org/10.1109/ess57819.2022.9969248
Yekimov, S., Nianko, V., Kulagin, D., Lunkina, T., Haponenko, S. (2021). The importance of environmental education for effective environmental management. E3S Web of Conferences, 296, 08002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129608002
Lee, F. C., van Wyk, J. D., Boroyevich, D., Guo-Quan Lu, Zhenxian Liang, Barbosa, P. (2002). Technology trends toward a system-in-a-module in power electronics. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 2 (4), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcas.2002.1173132
vanWyk, J. D., Lee, F. C., Liang, Z., Chen, R., Wang, S., Lu, B. (2005). Integrating Active, Passive and EMI-Filter Functions in Power Electronics Systems: A Case Study of Some Technologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20 (3), 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.846553
Crisostomi, E., Liu, M., Raugi, M., Shorten, R. (2014). Plug-and-Play Distributed Algorithms for Optimized Power Generation in a Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5 (4), 2145–2154. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2320555
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I., Lysechko, V., Prokopenko, V., Shram, A., & Pastushenko, V. (2023). Analysis Of Current Approaches to Modernizing the Electric Power Scheme of Diesel Generator Transport. 2023 IEEE 4th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61412.2023.10312881
Kelley, A. W., Owens, W. R. (1989). Connectorless power supply for an aircraft-passenger entertainment system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 4 (3), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.39124
Mesbahi, T., Khenfri, F., Rizoug, N., Bartholomeus, P., Moigne, P. L. (2017). Combined Optimal Sizing and Control of Li-Ion Battery/Supercapacitor Embedded Power Supply Using Hybrid Particle Swarm–Nelder–Mead Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 8 (1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2016.2582927
Wang, C.-N., Nguyen, N.-A.-T., Dang, T.-T., Bayer, J. (2021). A Two-Stage Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Site Selection of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plant: A Case Study in Taiwan. IEEE Access, 9, 75509–75525. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081995
Cella, R., Giangaspero, G., Mariscotti, A., Montepagano, A., Pozzobon, P., Ruscelli, M., Vanti, M. (2006). Measurement of AT Electric Railway System Currents at Power-Supply Frequency and Validation of a Multiconductor Transmission-Line Model. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3), 1721–1726. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2006.874109
Luo, P., Li, Q., Zhou, Y., Ma, Q., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., Sun, J. (2021). Multi-Application Strategy Based on Railway Static Power Conditioner With Energy Storage System. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22 (4), 2140–2152. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3048362
Kulaghin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Synthesis of Automatic Control System of Traction Asynchronous Motor of Transport Diesel-Generator Power Plant. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 4, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.02
Dyke, K. J., Schofield, N., Barnes, M. (2010). The Impact of Transport Electrification on Electrical Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57 (12), 3917–3926. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2040563
Zhang, H., Hu, Z., Song, Y. (2020). Power and Transport Nexus: Routing Electric Vehicles to Promote Renewable Power Integration. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 11 (4), 3291–3301. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2967082
Mi, C. C., Buja, G., Choi, S. Y., Rim, C. T. (2016). Modern Advances in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63 (10), 6533–6545. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2574993
Arefifar, S. A., Mohamed, Y. A.-R. I., El-Fouly, T. H. M. (2012). Supply-Adequacy-Based Optimal Construction of Microgrids in Smart Distribution Systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3 (3), 1491–1502. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2198246
Giuntoli, M., Poli, D. (2013). Optimized Thermal and Electrical Scheduling of a Large Scale Virtual Power Plant in the Presence of Energy Storages. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4 (2), 942–955. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2012.2227513
Maslov, I., Tymoshchuk, O., Kulagin, D. (2025). Determining the causes of major energy losses in a ship’s unified AC power system. Modern automotive industry, transport and road infrastructure ’2024 (MAITRI2024), 3428, 020021. https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0038611
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2024). Mathematical Model of Electromagnetic Transients of a Frequency-Controlled Propeller’s Induction Motor. 2024 IEEE 5th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61434.2024.10877991
Choi, S., Huh, J., Lee, W. Y., Lee, S. W., Rim, C. T. (2013). New Cross-Segmented Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28 (12), 5832–5841. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2247634
Choi, S. Y., Jeong, S. Y., Gu, B. W., Lim, G. C., Rim, C. T. (2015). Ultraslim S-Type Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30 (11), 6456–6468. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2444894
Kulahin, D. O. (2016). Rolling electrical complex on the basis of the criterion of minimizing the area under the curve of motion. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2, 60–67.
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). The mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation of magnetic circuits. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 6, 103–110.
Fathy, A., Kaaniche, K., Alanazi, T. M. (2020). Recent Approach Based Social Spider Optimizer for Optimal Sizing of Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Diesel Integrated Microgrid in Aljouf Region. IEEE Access, 8, 57630–57645. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982805
Arai, J., Iba, K., Funabashi, T., Nakanishi, Y., Koyanagi, K., Yokoyama, R. (2008). Power electronics and its applications to renewable energy in Japan. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 8 (3), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcas.2008.928420
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). Mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation. Technical Electrodynamics, 6, 49–55.
Kulagin, D. O., Fedosha, D. V., Nitsenko, V. V., Shevchenko, S. Yu., Danylchenko, D. O. (2019). Using a phase-differential busbar protection for switchgears of power system facilities. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 63–67. https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2019-4/10
Holtz, J., Lotzkat, W., Werner, K.-H. (1988). A high-power multitransistor-inverter uninterruptable power supply system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 3 (3), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.17945
Sitzman, A., Surls, D., Mallick, J. (2007). Design, Construction, and Testing of an Inductive Pulsed-Power Supply for a Small Railgun. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (1), 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.887685
Liu, Z., Zhang, W., Ji, X., Li, K. (2012). Optimal Planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on particle swarm optimization. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies. IEEE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2012.6303112
Nitsenko, V., Kulagin, D. (2017). Improvement implementation methods of relay busbars protection of switchgears. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika, 6, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2017.06.061
Nitsenko, V. V., Kulahin, D. O. (2017). Research on effect of differential-phase protection of busbars system with voltage of 110–750 kV. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 72–79.
Mansor, M. A., Hasan, K., Othman, M. M., Noor, S. Z. B. M., Musirin, I. (2020). Construction and Performance Investigation of Three-Phase Solar PV and Battery Energy Storage System Integrated UPQC. IEEE Access, 8, 103511–103538. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997056
Amei, K., Takayasu, Y., Ohji, T., Sakui, M. (1989). A maximum power control of wind generator system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a boost chopper circuit. Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579). IEEE, 3, 1447–1452. https://doi.org/10.1109/pcc.2002.998186
Korobko, B., Kivshyk, A., Kulagin, D.; Onyshchenko, V., Mammadova, G., Sivitska, S., Gasimov, A. (Eds.) (2021). Experimental Study of the Efficiency of the Differential Pump of Electromagnetic Action on the Basis of Mathematical Modeling of the Parameters of Its Operation. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Building Innovations. Cham: Springer, 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85043-2_20
Bratkovska, K., Makhlin, P., Shram, A., Kulagin, D., Fedosha, D. (2022). Estimation of Optimization Approaches of the Energy Intensive Equipment’s Power-Time Diagrams of Industrial Enterprises. 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). IEEE, 277–281. https://doi.org/10.1109/ess57819.2022.9969248
Yekimov, S., Nianko, V., Kulagin, D., Lunkina, T., Haponenko, S. (2021). The importance of environmental education for effective environmental management. E3S Web of Conferences, 296, 08002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129608002
Lee, F. C., van Wyk, J. D., Boroyevich, D., Guo-Quan Lu, Zhenxian Liang, Barbosa, P. (2002). Technology trends toward a system-in-a-module in power electronics. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 2 (4), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcas.2002.1173132
vanWyk, J. D., Lee, F. C., Liang, Z., Chen, R., Wang, S., Lu, B. (2005). Integrating Active, Passive and EMI-Filter Functions in Power Electronics Systems: A Case Study of Some Technologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 20 (3), 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2005.846553
Crisostomi, E., Liu, M., Raugi, M., Shorten, R. (2014). Plug-and-Play Distributed Algorithms for Optimized Power Generation in a Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5 (4), 2145–2154. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2014.2320555
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I., Lysechko, V., Prokopenko, V., Shram, A., & Pastushenko, V. (2023). Analysis Of Current Approaches to Modernizing the Electric Power Scheme of Diesel Generator Transport. 2023 IEEE 4th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61412.2023.10312881
Kelley, A. W., Owens, W. R. (1989). Connectorless power supply for an aircraft-passenger entertainment system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 4 (3), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.39124
Mesbahi, T., Khenfri, F., Rizoug, N., Bartholomeus, P., Moigne, P. L. (2017). Combined Optimal Sizing and Control of Li-Ion Battery/Supercapacitor Embedded Power Supply Using Hybrid Particle Swarm–Nelder–Mead Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 8 (1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2016.2582927
Wang, C.-N., Nguyen, N.-A.-T., Dang, T.-T., Bayer, J. (2021). A Two-Stage Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Site Selection of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Plant: A Case Study in Taiwan. IEEE Access, 9, 75509–75525. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3081995
Cella, R., Giangaspero, G., Mariscotti, A., Montepagano, A., Pozzobon, P., Ruscelli, M., Vanti, M. (2006). Measurement of AT Electric Railway System Currents at Power-Supply Frequency and Validation of a Multiconductor Transmission-Line Model. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3), 1721–1726. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2006.874109
Luo, P., Li, Q., Zhou, Y., Ma, Q., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., Sun, J. (2021). Multi-Application Strategy Based on Railway Static Power Conditioner With Energy Storage System. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22 (4), 2140–2152. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.3048362
Kulaghin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Synthesis of Automatic Control System of Traction Asynchronous Motor of Transport Diesel-Generator Power Plant. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 4, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.02
Dyke, K. J., Schofield, N., Barnes, M. (2010). The Impact of Transport Electrification on Electrical Networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57 (12), 3917–3926. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2040563
Zhang, H., Hu, Z., Song, Y. (2020). Power and Transport Nexus: Routing Electric Vehicles to Promote Renewable Power Integration. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 11 (4), 3291–3301. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2020.2967082
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Chapter 1
Published
December 12, 2025
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dmytro Kulagin, Igor Maslov
How to Cite
Kulagin, D., & Maslov, I. (2025). Innovative conceptual design technologies for an energy-efficient diesel-generator power system of a transport vehicle. In D. Kulagin, I. Maslov, I. Rybitskiy, O. Karpash, S. Voitenko, L. Zhovtulia, O. Koval, & M. Karpash, In Press. Energy engineering and power technology. Scientific Route OÜ®. https://monograph.route.ee/rout/catalog/book/energy_engineering_and_power_technology/chapter/150
