Research into the methodology and regulatory framework for the rationalization of diesel generator power systems in transport engineering
Keywords:
energy efficiency, energy law, power system, electric transport, power supply design, energy, mathematical model, economic model, optimization, electrical machines, electrical apparatus, mathematical problems in power engineeringSynopsis
This paper investigates innovative conceptual design technologies for energy-efficient diesel generator power systems tailored for rail, maritime, and automotive transport. The relevance of this study is driven by the imperative to minimize energy losses within internal grids and reduce the cost of generated power amidst continuously rising fuel prices. The authors propose a comprehensive approach encompassing the development of mathematical models for static and dynamic processes, the construction of economic models to evaluate generation efficiency, and the implementation of control systems based on economic criteria. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of inverter systems, which enable the automatic adjustment of the diesel engine to the optimal rotational speed depending on the load, thereby significantly reducing specific fuel consumption. A methodology for ranking energy-saving measures based on their economic feasibility and payback period is proposed. The research findings are aimed at enhancing the energy independence of the transport sector from market fluctuations and improving the operational reliability of transport vehicles.
References
Skjong, E., Volden, R., Rodskar, E., Molinas, M., Johansen, T. A., Cunningham, J. (2016). Past, Present, and Future Challenges of the Marine Vessel’s Electrical Power System. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2 (4), 522–537. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2016.2552720
Mi, C. C., Buja, G., Choi, S. Y., Rim, C. T. (2016). Modern Advances in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63 (10), 6533–6545. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2574993
Skjong, E., Rodskar, E., Molinas, M., Johansen, T. A., Cunningham, J. (2015). The Marine Vessel’s Electrical Power System: From its Birth to Present Day. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103 (12), 2410–2424. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2496722
McCoy, T. J. (2015). Electric Ships Past, Present, and Future [Technology Leaders]. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2414291
Maslov, I., Tymoshchuk, O., Kulagin, D. (2025). Determining the causes of major energy losses in a ship’s unified AC power system. Modern automotive industry, transport and road infrastructure ’2024 (MAITRI2024), 3428, 020021. https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0038611
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2024). Mathematical Model of Electromagnetic Transients of a Frequency-Controlled Propeller’s Induction Motor. 2024 IEEE 5th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61434.2024.10877991
Choi, S., Huh, J., Lee, W. Y., Lee, S. W., Rim, C. T. (2013). New Cross-Segmented Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28 (12), 5832–5841. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2247634
Choi, S. Y., Jeong, S. Y., Gu, B. W., Lim, G. C., Rim, C. T. (2015). Ultraslim S-Type Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30 (11), 6456–6468. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2444894
Kulagin, D. O. (2016). Rolling electrical complex on the basis of the criterion of minimizing the area under the curve of motion. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2, 60–67.
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). The mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation of magnetic circuits. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 6, 103–110.
Wies, R. W., Johnson, R. A., Agrawal, A. N., Chubb, T. J. (2005). Simulink Model for Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of a PV With Diesel-Battery System for Remote Villages. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20 (2), 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.846084
Steiner, M., Klohr, M., Pagiela, S. (2007). Energy storage system with ultracaps on board of railway vehicles. 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. Denmark. https://doi.org/10.1109/epe.2007.4417400
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). Mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation. Technical Electrodynamics, 6, 49–55.
Kulagin, D. O., Fedosha, D. V., Nitsenko, V. V., Shevchenko, S. Yu., & Danylchenko, D. O. (2019). Using a phase-differential busbar protection for switchgears of power system facilities. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 63–67. https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2019-4/10
Skjong, E., Johansen, T. A., Molinas, M., Sorensen, A. J. (2017). Approaches to Economic Energy Management in Diesel-Electric Marine Vessels. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 3 (1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2017.2648178
Kim, S.-Y., Choe, S., Ko, S., Sul, S.-K. (2015). A Naval Integrated Power System with a Battery Energy Storage System: Fuel efficiency, reliability, and quality of power. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2413435
Steiner, M., Scholten, J. (2005). Energy storage on board of railway vehicles. 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/epe.2005.219410
Nitsenko, V., Kulagin, D. (2017). Improvement implementation methods of relay busbars protection of switchgears. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika, 6, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2017.06.061
Nitsenko, V. V., Kulagin, D. O. (2017). Research on effect of differential-phase protection of busbars system with voltage of 110-750 kv. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 72–79.
Saha, T. K., Kastha, D. (2010). Design Optimization and Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind-Diesel Electrical Power Generation System. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 25 (4), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2010.2055870
Mayet, C., Pouget, J., Bouscayrol, A., Lhomme, W. (2014). Influence of an Energy Storage System on the Energy Consumption of a Diesel-Electric Locomotive. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 63 (3), 1032–1040. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2284634
Korobko, B., Kivshyk, A., Kulagin, D.; Onyshchenko, V., Mammadova, G., Sivitska, S., Gasimov, A. (Eds.) (2021). Experimental Study of the Efficiency of the Differential Pump of Electromagnetic Action on the Basis of Mathematical Modeling of the Parameters of Its Operation. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Building Innovations. Cham: Springer, 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85043-2_20
Bratkovska, K., Makhlin, P., Shram, A., Kulagin, D., Fedosha, D. (2022). Estimation of Optimization Approaches of the Energy Intensive Equipment’s Power-Time Diagrams of Industrial Enterprises. 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). IEEE, 277–281. https://doi.org/10.1109/ess57819.2022.9969248
Yekimov, S., Nianko, V., Kulagin, D., Lunkina, T., Haponenko, S. (2021). The importance of environmental education for effective environmental management. E3S Web of Conferences, 296, 08002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129608002
Vicenzutti, A., Bosich, D., Giadrossi, G., Sulligoi, G. (2015). The Role of Voltage Controls in Modern All-Electric Ships: Toward the all electric ship. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2413437
Sbuelz, S., Bosich, D., Vicenzutti, A., Alessia, Tavagnutti, A. A., Sulligoi, G. (2025). Analysis of Asymmetrical Perturbations in MVDC Integrated Power Electronics Power Distribution Systems. 2025 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT). https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT67669.2025.11218093
Johansen, T. A., Bo, T. I., Mathiesen, E., Veksler, A., Sorensen, A. J. (2014). Dynamic Positioning System as Dynamic Energy Storage on Diesel-Electric Ships. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29 (6), 3086–3091. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2317704
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I., Lysechko, V., Prokopenko, V., Shram, A., Pastushenko, V. (2023). Analysis Of Current Approaches to Modernizing the Electric Power Scheme of Diesel Generator Transport. 2023 IEEE 4th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61412.2023.10312881
Fellini, R., Michelena, N., Papalambros, P., Sasena, M. (1999). Optimal design of automotive hybrid powertrain systems. Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. Tokyo, 400–405. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747645
Ghimire, P., Zadeh, M., Thorstensen, J., Pedersen, E. (2022). Data-Driven Efficiency Modeling and Analysis of All-Electric Ship Powertrain: A Comparison of Power System Architectures. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8 (2), 1930–1943. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3123886
Jing, L., Wang, T., Tang, W., Liu, W., Qu, R. (2024). Characteristic Analysis of the Magnetic Variable Speed Diesel–Electric Hybrid Motor With Auxiliary Teeth for Ship Propulsion. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 29 (1), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2023.3290200
Skjong, E., Suul, J. A., Rygg, A., Johansen, T. A., Molinas, M. (2016). System-Wide Harmonic Mitigation in a Diesel-Electric Ship by Model Predictive Control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63 (7), 4008–4019. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2532845
Destraz, B., Barrade, P., Rufer, A. (2004). Power assistance for diesel-electric locomotives with supercapacitive energy storage. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551). Aachen, 677–682. https://doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2004.1355830
Lidozzi, A., Solero, L., Crescimbini, F. (2012). Adaptive Direct-Tuning Control for Variable-Speed Diesel-Electric Generating Units. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59 (5), 2126–2134. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151826
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Construction of a mathematical model of an induction motor for a transport power plant incorporating magnetic saturation processes. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6 (8 (138)), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.345066
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Synthesis of Automatic Control System of Traction Asynchronous Motor of Transport Diesel-Generator Power Plant. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 4, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.02
Kumar, B. A., Selvaraj, R., Chelliah, T. R., Ramesh, U. S. (2019). Improved Fuel-Use Efficiency in Diesel–Electric Tugboats With an Asynchronous Power Generating Unit. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 5 (2), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2019.2906587
Moraes, C. G. da S., Brockveld, S. L., Heldwein, M. L., Franca, A. S., Vaccari, A. S., Waltrich, G. (2021). Power Conversion Technologies for a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Diesel-Electric Locomotives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68 (10), 9081–9091. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3021643
Maslov, I., Kulagin, D. (2026). Research on an Energy-Efficient Electric Starting System for an Autonomous Power Plant with a Combined Power Source. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 1, 193–207. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2026.1-69.16
Mi, C. C., Buja, G., Choi, S. Y., Rim, C. T. (2016). Modern Advances in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63 (10), 6533–6545. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2574993
Skjong, E., Rodskar, E., Molinas, M., Johansen, T. A., Cunningham, J. (2015). The Marine Vessel’s Electrical Power System: From its Birth to Present Day. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103 (12), 2410–2424. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2015.2496722
McCoy, T. J. (2015). Electric Ships Past, Present, and Future [Technology Leaders]. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2414291
Maslov, I., Tymoshchuk, O., Kulagin, D. (2025). Determining the causes of major energy losses in a ship’s unified AC power system. Modern automotive industry, transport and road infrastructure ’2024 (MAITRI2024), 3428, 020021. https://doi.org/10.1063/12.0038611
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2024). Mathematical Model of Electromagnetic Transients of a Frequency-Controlled Propeller’s Induction Motor. 2024 IEEE 5th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61434.2024.10877991
Choi, S., Huh, J., Lee, W. Y., Lee, S. W., Rim, C. T. (2013). New Cross-Segmented Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28 (12), 5832–5841. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2247634
Choi, S. Y., Jeong, S. Y., Gu, B. W., Lim, G. C., Rim, C. T. (2015). Ultraslim S-Type Power Supply Rails for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30 (11), 6456–6468. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2444894
Kulagin, D. O. (2016). Rolling electrical complex on the basis of the criterion of minimizing the area under the curve of motion. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 2, 60–67.
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). The mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation of magnetic circuits. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 6, 103–110.
Wies, R. W., Johnson, R. A., Agrawal, A. N., Chubb, T. J. (2005). Simulink Model for Economic Analysis and Environmental Impacts of a PV With Diesel-Battery System for Remote Villages. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 20 (2), 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.846084
Steiner, M., Klohr, M., Pagiela, S. (2007). Energy storage system with ultracaps on board of railway vehicles. 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. Denmark. https://doi.org/10.1109/epe.2007.4417400
Kulagin, D. O. (2014). Mathematical model of asynchronous traction motor taking into account the saturation. Technical Electrodynamics, 6, 49–55.
Kulagin, D. O., Fedosha, D. V., Nitsenko, V. V., Shevchenko, S. Yu., & Danylchenko, D. O. (2019). Using a phase-differential busbar protection for switchgears of power system facilities. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 63–67. https://doi.org/10.29202/nvngu/2019-4/10
Skjong, E., Johansen, T. A., Molinas, M., Sorensen, A. J. (2017). Approaches to Economic Energy Management in Diesel-Electric Marine Vessels. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 3 (1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2017.2648178
Kim, S.-Y., Choe, S., Ko, S., Sul, S.-K. (2015). A Naval Integrated Power System with a Battery Energy Storage System: Fuel efficiency, reliability, and quality of power. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2413435
Steiner, M., Scholten, J. (2005). Energy storage on board of railway vehicles. 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications. Dresden. https://doi.org/10.1109/epe.2005.219410
Nitsenko, V., Kulagin, D. (2017). Improvement implementation methods of relay busbars protection of switchgears. Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika, 6, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.15407/techned2017.06.061
Nitsenko, V. V., Kulagin, D. O. (2017). Research on effect of differential-phase protection of busbars system with voltage of 110-750 kv. Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 4, 72–79.
Saha, T. K., Kastha, D. (2010). Design Optimization and Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Wind-Diesel Electrical Power Generation System. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 25 (4), 1209–1217. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2010.2055870
Mayet, C., Pouget, J., Bouscayrol, A., Lhomme, W. (2014). Influence of an Energy Storage System on the Energy Consumption of a Diesel-Electric Locomotive. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 63 (3), 1032–1040. https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2013.2284634
Korobko, B., Kivshyk, A., Kulagin, D.; Onyshchenko, V., Mammadova, G., Sivitska, S., Gasimov, A. (Eds.) (2021). Experimental Study of the Efficiency of the Differential Pump of Electromagnetic Action on the Basis of Mathematical Modeling of the Parameters of Its Operation. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Building Innovations. Cham: Springer, 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85043-2_20
Bratkovska, K., Makhlin, P., Shram, A., Kulagin, D., Fedosha, D. (2022). Estimation of Optimization Approaches of the Energy Intensive Equipment’s Power-Time Diagrams of Industrial Enterprises. 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Energy Smart Systems (ESS). IEEE, 277–281. https://doi.org/10.1109/ess57819.2022.9969248
Yekimov, S., Nianko, V., Kulagin, D., Lunkina, T., Haponenko, S. (2021). The importance of environmental education for effective environmental management. E3S Web of Conferences, 296, 08002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129608002
Vicenzutti, A., Bosich, D., Giadrossi, G., Sulligoi, G. (2015). The Role of Voltage Controls in Modern All-Electric Ships: Toward the all electric ship. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3 (2), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/mele.2015.2413437
Sbuelz, S., Bosich, D., Vicenzutti, A., Alessia, Tavagnutti, A. A., Sulligoi, G. (2025). Analysis of Asymmetrical Perturbations in MVDC Integrated Power Electronics Power Distribution Systems. 2025 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT). https://doi.org/10.23919/AEIT67669.2025.11218093
Johansen, T. A., Bo, T. I., Mathiesen, E., Veksler, A., Sorensen, A. J. (2014). Dynamic Positioning System as Dynamic Energy Storage on Diesel-Electric Ships. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29 (6), 3086–3091. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2317704
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I., Lysechko, V., Prokopenko, V., Shram, A., Pastushenko, V. (2023). Analysis Of Current Approaches to Modernizing the Electric Power Scheme of Diesel Generator Transport. 2023 IEEE 4th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61412.2023.10312881
Fellini, R., Michelena, N., Papalambros, P., Sasena, M. (1999). Optimal design of automotive hybrid powertrain systems. Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. Tokyo, 400–405. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747645
Ghimire, P., Zadeh, M., Thorstensen, J., Pedersen, E. (2022). Data-Driven Efficiency Modeling and Analysis of All-Electric Ship Powertrain: A Comparison of Power System Architectures. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8 (2), 1930–1943. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3123886
Jing, L., Wang, T., Tang, W., Liu, W., Qu, R. (2024). Characteristic Analysis of the Magnetic Variable Speed Diesel–Electric Hybrid Motor With Auxiliary Teeth for Ship Propulsion. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 29 (1), 668–678. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2023.3290200
Skjong, E., Suul, J. A., Rygg, A., Johansen, T. A., Molinas, M. (2016). System-Wide Harmonic Mitigation in a Diesel-Electric Ship by Model Predictive Control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 63 (7), 4008–4019. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2532845
Destraz, B., Barrade, P., Rufer, A. (2004). Power assistance for diesel-electric locomotives with supercapacitive energy storage. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551). Aachen, 677–682. https://doi.org/10.1109/pesc.2004.1355830
Lidozzi, A., Solero, L., Crescimbini, F. (2012). Adaptive Direct-Tuning Control for Variable-Speed Diesel-Electric Generating Units. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59 (5), 2126–2134. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2151826
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Construction of a mathematical model of an induction motor for a transport power plant incorporating magnetic saturation processes. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6 (8 (138)), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.345066
Kulagin, D., Maslov, I. (2025). Synthesis of Automatic Control System of Traction Asynchronous Motor of Transport Diesel-Generator Power Plant. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 4, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2025.4-68.02
Kumar, B. A., Selvaraj, R., Chelliah, T. R., Ramesh, U. S. (2019). Improved Fuel-Use Efficiency in Diesel–Electric Tugboats With an Asynchronous Power Generating Unit. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 5 (2), 565–578. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2019.2906587
Moraes, C. G. da S., Brockveld, S. L., Heldwein, M. L., Franca, A. S., Vaccari, A. S., Waltrich, G. (2021). Power Conversion Technologies for a Hybrid Energy Storage System in Diesel-Electric Locomotives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68 (10), 9081–9091. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.3021643
Maslov, I., Kulagin, D. (2026). Research on an Energy-Efficient Electric Starting System for an Autonomous Power Plant with a Combined Power Source. Problems of the Regional Energetics, 1, 193–207. https://doi.org/10.52254/1857-0070.2026.1-69.16
Text Identifier of this Chapter
Chapter 2
Published
December 12, 2025
Categories
Copyright (c) 2026 Dmytro Kulagin, Igor Maslov
How to Cite
Kulagin, D., & Maslov, I. (2025). Research into the methodology and regulatory framework for the rationalization of diesel generator power systems in transport engineering. In D. Kulagin, I. Maslov, I. Rybitskiy, O. Karpash, S. Voitenko, L. Zhovtulia, O. Koval, & M. Karpash, In Press. Energy engineering and power technology. Scientific Route OÜ®. https://monograph.route.ee/rout/catalog/book/energy_engineering_and_power_technology/chapter/151
