Chapter 1. An innovative approach to creating a list of types of forensic examinations and expert specialties
Keywords:
legal regulation, state specialized institutions, forensic examination, expert specialty, classification of forensic examinations, forensic expert activity, specific expertise
Synopsis
EXPERT ASSESSMENTS IN DECISION MAKING: RISKS AND SAFETY
Forensic examination is a rather complex field of activity, characterized by the breadth of specific expertise used and the complexity of research procedures. An accurate “specialty passport” is needed, which describes what this or that examination can do and what it is called. The study uses a system of methods, in particular, general philosophical, general scientific (dialectical, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, analogy), and special legal methods (formal legal, systemic and structural). The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which reflects the relationship between theory and practice.
It was found that the existing classification of forensic examinations by the fields of specific expertise used in their conduct is outdated and does not meet the requirements of modernity. This creates difficulties not only for forensic experts and persons who wish to become them, but also for the court, participants in the legal process, and all citizens who are interested in obtaining the opinion of a forensic expert.
It has been established that there is a discrepancy between the types of forensic examination and expert specialties according to which the qualification of a forensic expert is assigned in the departmental lists. This leads to misunderstanding by customers of expert studies of the correspondence of expert specialties and their demarcation.
The appearance as a result of the application of innovative technologies of new objects that did not exist before, or were transformed from already existing ones, contributes to the discovery of new properties and the manifestation of new signs of these properties, which, in turn, leads to the genesis of new expert specialties, species and subspecies, genera, classes of forensic examinations.
It has been proven that the expansion of the sphere of activity of private forensic experts by granting them the right to conduct those forensic examinations, which they do not have the right to conduct today, will allow to create greater competition between the public and private sectors, improve the quality of expert research, shorten the terms of their conduct, relieving the burden on state forensic expert institutions.
The unification of the interdepartmental approach to the classification of forensic examinations is proposed in order to avoid errors that can cause the issuance of illegal and unfounded court decisions. The issue of unification can be solved by working out a general approach to the classification of kinds and types of forensic examinations with consolidation in an interdepartmental regulatory act, which should be based on the criteria of the general theory of forensic examination. The creation of a unified list by types of forensic examinations and their corresponding expert specialties can be considered a strategic task, which, if successfully implemented, can open up ways to solve many issues facing the expert society.
Taking into account the fact that at the time it is planned to provide opinions by experts in electronic form, the creation of a forensic expert’s office and its integration with the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System, the creation of a modern unified list by types of forensic examinations and their corresponding expert specialties is on the agenda.
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